1 ;;; tibet-util.el --- utilities for Tibetan -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
3 ;; Copyright (C) 1995 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
6 ;; Keywords: multilingual, Tibetan
8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
25 ;; Author: Toru TOMABECHI, <Toru.Tomabechi@orient.unil.ch>
27 ;; Created: Feb. 17. 1997
30 ;; 1997.03.13 Modification in treatment of text properties;
31 ;; Support for some special signs and punctuations.
32 ;; 1999.10.25 Modification for a new composition way by K.Handa.
38 (defconst tibetan-obsolete-glyphs
39 `(("
\e$(7!=
\e(B" . "
\e$(8!=
\e(B") ; 2 col <-> 1 col
40 ("
\e$(7!?
\e(B" . "
\e$(8!?
\e(B")
41 ("
\e$(7!@
\e(B" . "
\e$(8!@
\e(B")
42 ("
\e$(7!A
\e(B" . "
\e$(8!A
\e(B")
43 ("
\e$(7"`
\e(B" . "
\e$(8"`
\e(B")
44 ("
\e$(7!;
\e(B" . "
\e$(8!;
\e(B")
45 ("
\e$(7!D
\e(B" . "
\e$(8!D
\e(B")
46 ;; Yes these are dirty. But ...
47 ("
\e$(7!>
\e(B
\e$(7!>
\e(B" . ,(compose-string "
\e$(7!>
\e(B
\e$(7!>
\e(B" 0 3 [?
\e$(7!>
\e(B (Br . Bl) ? (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7!>
\e(B]))
48 ("
\e$(7!4!5!5
\e(B" . ,(compose-string
49 "
\e$(7#R#S#S#S
\e(B" 0 4
50 [?
\e$(7#R
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B]))
51 ("
\e$(7!4!5
\e(B" . ,(compose-string "
\e$(7#R#S#S
\e(B" 0 3 [?
\e$(7#R
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B]))
52 ("
\e$(7!6
\e(B" . ,(compose-string "
\e$(7#R#S!I
\e(B" 0 3 [?
\e$(7#R
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B (br . tr) ?
\e$(7!I
\e(B]))
53 ("
\e$(7!4
\e(B" . ,(compose-string "
\e$(7#R#S
\e(B" 0 2 [?
\e$(7#R
\e(B (Br . Bl) ?
\e$(7#S
\e(B]))))
56 (defun tibetan-char-p (ch)
57 "Check if char CH is Tibetan character.
58 Returns non-nil if CH is Tibetan. Otherwise, returns nil."
59 (memq (char-charset ch) '(tibetan tibetan-1-column)))
61 ;;; Functions for Tibetan <-> Tibetan-transcription.
64 (defun tibetan-tibetan-to-transcription (str)
65 "Transcribe Tibetan string STR and return the corresponding Roman string."
66 (let (;; Accumulate transcriptions here in reverse order.
72 (let ((idx (string-match tibetan-precomposition-rule-regexp str i)))
74 ;; Ith character and the followings matches precomposable
79 (cdr (assoc (match-string 0 str)
80 tibetan-precomposition-rule-alist))
81 tibetan-precomposed-transcription-alist)))
82 (setq ch (substring str i (1+ i))
85 (car (or (rassoc ch tibetan-consonant-transcription-alist)
86 (rassoc ch tibetan-vowel-transcription-alist)
87 (rassoc ch tibetan-subjoined-transcription-alist)))))
88 (setq trans (cons this-trans trans))))
89 (apply 'concat (nreverse trans))))
92 (defun tibetan-transcription-to-tibetan (str)
93 "Convert Tibetan Roman string STR to Tibetan character string.
94 The returned string has no composition information."
95 (let (;; Case is significant.
96 (case-fold-search nil)
98 ;; Accumulate Tibetan strings here in reverse order.
101 (while (setq i (string-match tibetan-regexp str idx))
103 ;; STR contains a pattern that doesn't match Tibetan
104 ;; transcription. Include the pattern as is.
105 (setq t-str-list (cons (substring str idx i) t-str-list)))
106 (setq subtrans (match-string 0 str)
108 (let ((t-char (cdr (assoc subtrans
109 tibetan-precomposed-transcription-alist))))
111 ;; SUBTRANS corresponds to a transcription for
112 ;; precomposable Tibetan sequence.
113 (setq t-char (car (rassoc t-char
114 tibetan-precomposition-rule-alist)))
117 (or (assoc subtrans tibetan-consonant-transcription-alist)
118 (assoc subtrans tibetan-vowel-transcription-alist)
119 (assoc subtrans tibetan-modifier-transcription-alist)
120 (assoc subtrans tibetan-subjoined-transcription-alist)))))
121 (setq t-str-list (cons t-char t-str-list))))
122 (if (< idx (length str))
123 (setq t-str-list (cons (substring str idx) t-str-list)))
124 (apply 'concat (nreverse t-str-list))))
127 ;;; Functions for composing/decomposing Tibetan sequence.
129 ;;; A Tibetan syllable is typically structured as follows:
131 ;;; [Prefix] C [C+] V [M] [Suffix [Post suffix]]
133 ;;; where C's are all vertically stacked, V appears below or above
134 ;;; consonant cluster and M is always put above the C[C+]V combination.
135 ;;; (Sanskrit visarga, though it is a vowel modifier, is considered
136 ;;; to be a punctuation.)
138 ;;; Here are examples of the words "bsgrubs" and "hfauM"
140 ;;;
\e4
\e$(7"7
\e0"7
\e1
\e4%qx!"U
\e0"G###C"U
\e1
\e4"7
\e0"7
\e1
\e4"G
\e0"G
\e1
\e(B
\e4
\e$(7"Hx!"Rx!"Ur'"_
\e0"H"R"U"_
\e1
\e(B
148 ;;; Consonants `'' (
\e$(7"A
\e(B), `w' (
\e$(7">
\e(B), `y' (
\e$(7"B
\e(B), `r' (
\e$(7"C
\e(B) take special
149 ;;; forms when they are used as subjoined consonant. Consonant `r'
150 ;;; takes another special form when used as superjoined in such a case
151 ;;; as "rka", while it does not change its form when conjoined with
152 ;;; subjoined `'', `w' or `y' as in "rwa", "rya".
154 ;; Append a proper composition rule and glyph to COMPONENTS to compose
155 ;; CHAR with a composition that has COMPONENTS.
157 (defun tibetan-add-components (components char)
158 (let ((last (last components))
159 (stack-upper '(tc . bc))
160 (stack-under '(bc . tc))
162 ;; Special treatment for 'a chung.
163 ;; If 'a follows a consonant, turn it into the subjoined form.
164 ;; * Disabled by Tomabechi 2000/06/09 *
165 ;; Because in Unicode,
\e$(7"A
\e(B may follow directly a consonant without
166 ;; any intervening vowel, as in
\e4
\e$(7"9
\e0"9
\e1
\e4""
\e0"""Q
\e1
\e4"A
\e0"A
\e1!;
\e(B=
\e4
\e$(7"9
\e0"9
\e1
\e(B
\e4
\e$(7""
\e0""
\e1
\e(B
\e4
\e$(7"A
\e0"A
\e1
\e(B not
\e4
\e$(7"9
\e0"9
\e1
\e(B
\e4
\e$(7""
\e0""
\e1
\e(B
\e$(7"Q
\e(B
\e4
\e$(7"A
\e0"A
\e1
\e(B
167 ;;(if (and (= char ?
\e$(7"A
\e(B)
168 ;; (aref (char-category-set (car last)) ?0))
169 ;; (setq char ?
\e$(7"R
\e(B)) ;; modified for new font by Tomabechi 1999/12/10
171 ;; Composite vowel signs are decomposed before being added
172 ;; Added by Tomabechi 2000/06/08
173 (if (memq char '(?
\e$(7"T
\e(B ?
\e$(7"V
\e(B ?
\e$(7"W
\e(B ?
\e$(7"X
\e(B ?
\e$(7"Y
\e(B ?
\e$(7"Z
\e(B ?
\e$(7"b
\e(B))
176 (cddr (assoc (char-to-string char)
177 tibetan-composite-vowel-alist)))
179 (cadr (assoc (char-to-string char)
180 tibetan-composite-vowel-alist))))
182 ;; Compose upper vowel sign vertically over.
183 ((aref (char-category-set char) ?2)
184 (setq rule stack-upper))
186 ;; Compose lower vowel sign vertically under.
187 ((aref (char-category-set char) ?3)
188 (if (eq char ?
\e$(7"Q
\e(B) ;; `
\e$(7"Q
\e(B' should not visible when composed.
190 (setq rule stack-under)))
191 ;; Transform ra-mgo (superscribed r) if followed by a subjoined
192 ;; consonant other than w, ', y, r.
193 ((and (= (car last) ?
\e$(7"C
\e(B)
194 (not (memq char '(?
\e$(7#>
\e(B ?
\e$(7"R
\e(B ?
\e$(7#B
\e(B ?
\e$(7#C
\e(B))))
195 (setcar last ?
\e$(7!"
\e(B) ;; modified for newfont by Tomabechi 1999/12/10
196 (setq rule stack-under))
197 ;; Transform initial base consonant if followed by a subjoined
200 (let ((laststr (char-to-string (car last))))
201 (if (and (/= char ?
\e$(7"R
\e(B) ;; modified for new font by Tomabechi
202 (string-match "[
\e$(7"!
\e(B-
\e$(7"="?"@"D
\e(B-
\e$(7"J"K
\e(B]" laststr))
203 (setcar last (string-to-char
204 (cdr (assoc (char-to-string (car last))
205 tibetan-base-to-subjoined-alist)))))
206 (setq rule stack-under))))
209 (setcdr last (list rule char)))
210 ;; Added by Tomabechi 2000/06/08
212 (nconc last comp-vowel))
216 (defun tibetan-compose-string (str)
217 "Compose Tibetan string STR."
219 ;; `
\e$(7"A
\e(B' is included in the pattern for subjoined consonants
220 ;; because we treat it specially in tibetan-add-components.
221 ;; (This feature is removed by Tomabechi 2000/06/08)
222 (while (setq idx (string-match tibetan-composable-pattern str idx))
226 (if (eq (string-match tibetan-precomposition-rule-regexp str idx) idx)
227 (setq idx (match-end 0)
229 (list (string-to-char
231 (assoc (match-string 0 str)
232 tibetan-precomposition-rule-alist)))))
233 (setq components (list (aref str idx))
236 (tibetan-add-components components (aref str idx))
238 (compose-string str from to components))))
242 (defun tibetan-compose-region (beg end)
243 "Compose Tibetan text the region BEG and END."
245 (let (str result chars)
248 (narrow-to-region beg end)
249 (goto-char (point-min))
250 ;; `
\e$(7"A
\e(B' is included in the pattern for subjoined consonants
251 ;; because we treat it specially in tibetan-add-components.
252 ;; (This feature is removed by Tomabechi 2000/06/08)
253 (while (re-search-forward tibetan-composable-pattern nil t)
254 (let ((from (match-beginning 0))
258 (if (looking-at tibetan-precomposition-rule-regexp)
261 (list (string-to-char
263 (assoc (match-string 0)
264 tibetan-precomposition-rule-alist)))))
265 (goto-char (match-end 0)))
266 (setq components (list (char-after from)))
268 (while (< (point) to)
269 (tibetan-add-components components (following-char))
271 (compose-region from to components)))))))
273 (defvar tibetan-decompose-precomposition-alist
274 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (cons (string-to-char (cdr x)) (car x))))
275 tibetan-precomposition-rule-alist))
278 (defun tibetan-decompose-region (from to)
279 "Decompose Tibetan text in the region FROM and TO.
280 This is different from decompose-region because precomposed Tibetan characters
281 are decomposed into normal Tibetan character sequences."
284 (narrow-to-region from to)
285 (decompose-region from to)
288 (let* ((char (following-char))
289 (slot (assq char tibetan-decompose-precomposition-alist)))
294 (forward-char 1))))))
298 (defun tibetan-decompose-string (str)
299 "Decompose Tibetan string STR.
300 This is different from decompose-string because precomposed Tibetan characters
301 are decomposed into normal Tibetan character sequences."
307 (setq char (aref str idx)
308 slot (assq (aref str idx) tibetan-decompose-precomposition-alist)
309 new (concat new (if slot (cdr slot) (char-to-string char)))
314 (defun tibetan-composition-function (from to pattern &optional string)
316 (tibetan-compose-string string)
317 (tibetan-compose-region from to))
321 ;;; This variable is used to avoid repeated decomposition.
323 (setq-default tibetan-decomposed nil)
326 (defun tibetan-decompose-buffer ()
327 "Decomposes Tibetan characters in the buffer into their components.
328 See also the documentation of the function `tibetan-decompose-region'."
330 (make-local-variable 'tibetan-decomposed)
331 (cond ((not tibetan-decomposed)
332 (tibetan-decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
333 (setq tibetan-decomposed t))))
336 (defun tibetan-compose-buffer ()
337 "Composes Tibetan character components in the buffer.
338 See also docstring of the function tibetan-compose-region."
340 (make-local-variable 'tibetan-decomposed)
341 (tibetan-compose-region (point-min) (point-max))
342 (setq tibetan-decomposed nil))
345 (defun tibetan-post-read-conversion (len)
348 (let ((buffer-modified-p (buffer-modified-p)))
349 (narrow-to-region (point) (+ (point) len))
350 (tibetan-compose-region (point-min) (point-max))
351 (set-buffer-modified-p buffer-modified-p)
352 (make-local-variable 'tibetan-decomposed)
353 (setq tibetan-decomposed nil)
354 (- (point-max) (point-min))))))
358 (defun tibetan-pre-write-conversion (from to)
359 (setq tibetan-decomposed-temp tibetan-decomposed)
360 (let ((old-buf (current-buffer)))
361 (set-buffer (generate-new-buffer " *temp*"))
364 (insert-buffer-substring old-buf from to))
365 (if (not tibetan-decomposed-temp)
366 (tibetan-decompose-region (point-min) (point-max)))
367 ;; Should return nil as annotations.
372 ;;; Unicode-related definitions.
375 (defvar tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-alist
376 '(("
\e$(7"Q
\e(B" . "") ;; remove vowel a
377 ("
\e$(7"T
\e(B" . "
\e$(7"R"S
\e(B") ;; decompose vowels whose use is ``discouraged'' in Unicode 3.0
378 ("
\e$(7"V
\e(B" . "
\e$(7"R"U
\e(B")
379 ("
\e$(7"W
\e(B" . "
\e$(7#C"a
\e(B")
380 ("
\e$(7"X
\e(B" . "
\e$(7#C"R"a
\e(B")
381 ("
\e$(7"Y
\e(B" . "
\e$(7#D"a
\e(B")
382 ("
\e$(7"Z
\e(B" . "
\e$(7#D"R"a
\e(B")
383 ("
\e$(7"b
\e(B" . "
\e$(7"R"a
\e(B"))
384 "Rules for canonicalizing Tibetan vowels for Unicode.")
386 (defvar tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-regexp
387 "[
\e$(7"Q"T"V"W"X"Y"Z"b
\e(B]"
388 "Regexp for Tibetan vowels to be canonicalized in Unicode.")
390 (defun tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-region (from to)
392 (narrow-to-region from to)
394 (while (re-search-forward tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-regexp nil t)
396 ;;(from (match-beginning 0))
399 (cdr (assoc (match-string 0)
400 tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-alist))))
402 ;;(delete-region from to)
403 ;;(insert canonical-form)
404 (replace-match canonical-form)
407 (defvar tibetan-strict-unicode t
408 "*Flag to control Tibetan canonicalizing for Unicode.
410 If non-nil, the vowel a is removed and composite vowels are decomposed
411 before writing buffer in Unicode. See also
412 `tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-regexp' and
413 `tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-alist'.")
416 (defun tibetan-pre-write-canonicalize-for-unicode (from to)
417 (let ((old-buf (current-buffer))
418 (strict-unicode tibetan-strict-unicode))
419 (set-buffer (generate-new-buffer " *temp*"))
422 (insert-buffer-substring old-buf from to))
424 (tibetan-canonicalize-for-unicode-region (point-min) (point-max)))
425 ;; Should return nil as annotations.
428 (provide 'tibet-util)
430 ;;; arch-tag: 7a7333e8-1584-446c-b39c-a02b9def265d
431 ;;; tibet-util.el ends here