1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 See the end of the file for license conditions.
7 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
10 This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
12 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
13 in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 * About external Lisp packages
20 When you upgrade to Emacs 22 from a previous version, some older
21 versions of external Lisp packages are known to behave badly.
22 So in general, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest
23 versions of any external Lisp packages that you are using.
25 You should also be aware that many Lisp packages have been included
26 with Emacs 22 (see the extensive list below), and you should remove
27 any older versions of these packages to ensure that the Emacs 22
28 version is used. You can use M-x list-load-path-shadows to find such
31 Some specific packages that are known to cause problems are:
33 ** Semantic (used by CEDET, ECB, JDEE): upgrade to latest version.
34 ** cua.el, cua-mode.el: remove old versions.
37 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
39 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
40 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
41 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
43 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
44 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
45 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
46 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
47 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
48 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
49 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
51 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
53 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
54 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
55 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar to make it easily
56 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
58 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
61 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
62 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
63 item was added to the menu bar to make it easily accessible
64 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
66 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
67 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
70 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
71 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
72 with simplified and traditional characters), French, Russian, and
73 Italian. Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language
74 setup doesn't automatically select the right one.
76 ** New translations of the Emacs reference card are available in the
77 Brasilian Portuguese and Russian. The corresponding PostScript files
80 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
82 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
83 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
84 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
85 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
87 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
89 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
91 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on Tensilica Xtensa machines was added.
93 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
95 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
97 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
98 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
100 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
101 create a non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
102 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
104 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
106 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
107 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
109 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
110 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
113 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
114 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
115 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
116 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
117 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
118 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
119 in each user's home directory.
121 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
123 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
124 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
126 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
127 much pure storage it will approximately need.
129 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
130 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
133 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
134 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
135 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
137 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
139 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
140 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
143 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
145 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
146 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
147 the fancy startup screen.
149 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
150 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
153 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
154 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
156 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
157 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
158 can start with this line:
160 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
162 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
163 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
164 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
166 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
168 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
169 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
171 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
172 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
174 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
175 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
177 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
178 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
179 an interactively callable function.
181 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
182 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
183 affects the initial frame.
185 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
186 with respect to its frame position: if you don't specify a position
187 (in your .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry
188 command-line option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows'
191 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
192 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
193 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
194 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
195 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
197 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
198 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
199 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
200 `inhibit-splash-screen' (which is also aliased as
201 `inhibit-startup-message').
203 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon.
204 The command-line options --icon-type, -i have been replaced with
205 options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn the bitmap icon off.
207 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
208 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
209 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
212 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
213 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
214 ~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
216 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
217 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
218 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
219 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
220 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
222 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
223 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
224 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
227 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
229 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
231 See below for more details.
233 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
234 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
235 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
236 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
238 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
239 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
241 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
242 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
244 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
245 M-o M-o requests refontification.
247 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
248 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
249 the operating system or your X server.
251 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
252 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
255 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
257 See below under "incremental search changes".
259 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
260 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
261 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
262 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
263 "New keymaps for typing file names".
265 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
268 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
269 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
270 directory with Dired.
272 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
273 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
275 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
276 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
277 it remains unchanged.
279 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
280 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
281 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
282 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
283 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
284 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
286 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
287 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
288 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
289 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
291 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
292 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
294 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
295 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
297 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
299 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
300 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
302 ** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
304 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
305 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
306 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
307 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
310 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
312 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
313 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
314 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
315 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
316 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
319 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
320 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
322 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
323 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
324 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
325 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
327 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
329 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
330 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
332 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
333 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
334 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
336 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
337 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
339 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
340 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
341 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
342 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
344 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
345 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
346 in Indented-Text mode.
348 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
349 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
351 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
353 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
354 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
355 in the value, use `$$'.
357 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
358 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
361 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
364 ** Mark command changes:
366 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
367 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
368 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
370 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
372 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
373 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
374 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
375 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
376 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
377 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
378 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
379 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
380 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
382 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
384 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
385 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
388 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
389 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
390 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
391 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
392 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
395 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
396 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
397 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
400 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
401 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
402 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
405 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
406 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
407 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
409 ** Help command changes:
411 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
413 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
415 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
417 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
419 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
422 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
423 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
425 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
426 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
428 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
429 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
430 run by the key sequence.
431 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
432 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
435 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
436 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
437 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
438 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
439 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
440 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
441 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
442 new-kill-line is on C-k
444 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
445 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
446 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
447 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
449 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
450 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
452 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
453 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
454 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
455 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
456 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
457 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
458 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
459 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
460 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
462 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
463 description various information about a character, including its
464 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
465 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
466 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
468 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
469 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
471 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
472 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
473 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
474 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
475 keyboard oriented alternative.
477 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
478 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
479 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
480 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
481 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
483 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
484 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
485 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
488 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
489 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
490 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
491 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
492 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
495 ** Incremental Search changes:
497 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
498 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
499 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
500 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
503 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
504 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
505 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
506 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
508 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
509 at the end of a line.
511 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
512 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
513 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
515 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
516 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
517 search string used as the string to replace.
519 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
520 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
521 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
523 ** Replace command changes:
525 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
526 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
527 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
529 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
530 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
531 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
532 time. `\#' in a replacement string now refers to the count of
533 replacements already made by the replacement command. All regular
534 expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the replacement
535 string to specify a position where the replacement string can be
536 edited for each replacement. `query-replace-regexp-eval' is now
537 deprecated since it offers no additional functionality.
539 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
540 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
542 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
543 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
545 ** Local variables lists:
547 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
548 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
550 *** Text properties in local variables.
552 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
553 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
555 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
556 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
557 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
558 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
559 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
561 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
562 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
563 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
564 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
565 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
566 However, risky variables will not be added to
567 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
569 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
570 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
571 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
572 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
573 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
575 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
576 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
577 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
578 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
581 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
582 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
583 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
584 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
585 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
586 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
588 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
589 confirmation as before.
591 ** File operation changes:
593 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
594 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
595 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
596 is only rarely needed.
598 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
599 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
601 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
602 when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
603 wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
605 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
607 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
609 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
610 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
611 directory with Dired.
613 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
614 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
615 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
618 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
619 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
621 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
622 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
623 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
624 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
625 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
626 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
628 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
629 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
630 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
632 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
633 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
634 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
636 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
637 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
638 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
639 in data loss, use with care.
641 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
642 Emacs asks for confirmation.
644 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
646 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
647 when visiting the file.
649 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
650 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
651 when saving the file.
653 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
654 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
655 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
656 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
657 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
660 ** Minibuffer changes:
662 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
663 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
665 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
666 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
667 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
670 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
672 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
673 have in common and where they begin to differ.
675 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
676 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
677 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
678 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
679 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
680 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
681 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
682 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
684 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
685 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
686 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
687 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
690 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
691 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
692 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
693 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
694 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
695 candidate is a directory.
697 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
698 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
699 it remains unchanged.
701 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
702 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
703 elements are deleted from the history list.
705 ** Redisplay changes:
707 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
709 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
710 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
711 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
712 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
714 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
715 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
716 appears between the position information and the major mode.
718 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
720 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
721 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
722 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
724 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
725 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
726 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
727 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
729 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
730 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
731 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
732 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
733 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
734 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
736 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
737 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
739 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
740 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
743 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
746 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
747 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
748 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
750 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
751 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
752 the mode line of the currently selected window.
754 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
755 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
757 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
758 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
759 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
760 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
763 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
764 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
765 the window can be scrolled.
767 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
768 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
769 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
771 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
772 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
774 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
775 position of each bitmap individually.
777 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
778 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
779 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
780 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
782 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
783 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
784 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
785 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
786 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
788 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
789 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
791 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
792 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
793 outside those margins.
795 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
796 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
798 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
799 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
800 or when the frame is resized.
802 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
803 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
804 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
805 even cause Emacs to crash.
807 *** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
808 will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
809 the tool bar, you must type C-l.
811 ** Cursor display changes:
813 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
814 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
816 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
818 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
819 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
820 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
823 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
824 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
827 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
828 of the recognized cursor types.
830 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
831 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
835 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
836 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
839 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
840 parts of the mode line.
842 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
843 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
844 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
845 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
846 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
847 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
849 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
851 ** Font-Lock (syntax highlighting) changes:
853 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
854 M-o M-o requests refontification.
856 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
857 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
858 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
860 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
861 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
864 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
865 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
866 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
867 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
868 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
869 the open-paren is not in column 0.
871 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
873 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
875 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
876 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
877 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
878 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
880 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
881 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now nil
882 instead of 3. This setting of jit-lock-stealth-time disables stealth
883 fontification: on today's machines, it may be a bug in font lock
884 patterns if fontification otherwise noticeably degrades interactivity.
885 If you find movement in infrequently visited buffers sluggish (and the
886 major mode maintainer has no better idea), customizing
887 jit-lock-stealth-time to a non-nil value will let Emacs fontify
888 buffers in the background when it considers the system to be idle.
889 jit-lock-stealth-nice is now 0.5 instead of 0.125 which is supposed to
890 cause less load than the old defaults.
892 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
894 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
895 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
896 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
897 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
899 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
901 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
902 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
903 refontification takes place.
905 *** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
907 The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
908 obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
909 using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
910 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
912 If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
913 `font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
914 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
918 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
919 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
920 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
921 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
922 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
923 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
925 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
927 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
929 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
930 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
931 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
933 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/LessTif can be
934 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
936 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
937 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
939 *** The menu bar for Motif/LessTif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
940 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
941 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
943 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
944 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
945 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
947 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and LessTif/Motif now pop down on pressing
948 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
950 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
951 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
956 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
958 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
959 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
960 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
961 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
962 to match this context-sensitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
963 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
965 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
966 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
967 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
968 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
969 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
970 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
971 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
972 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
973 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
975 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
976 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
977 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
980 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
981 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
983 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
984 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
986 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
987 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
988 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
989 can be selected only when it is active.
991 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
992 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
993 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
994 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
995 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
998 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
999 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1000 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1001 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1002 also disable mouse highlighting.
1004 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1005 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1006 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1008 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1009 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1011 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1013 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1014 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1015 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1016 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1018 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1020 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1022 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1023 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1024 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1025 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1026 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1027 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1028 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1029 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1030 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1031 without any character translation:
1032 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1034 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1035 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1036 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1037 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1038 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1040 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1041 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1042 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1043 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1044 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1045 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1046 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1047 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1049 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1050 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1052 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1055 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1058 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1061 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1062 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1063 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1066 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1067 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1069 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1070 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1071 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1072 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1073 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1074 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1075 mule-unicode-... ones.
1077 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1078 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1079 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1082 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1083 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1084 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1085 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1086 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1088 *** New language environments (set up automatically according to the
1089 locale): Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, Esperanto,
1090 French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam,
1091 Russian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8,Ukrainian,
1092 Welsh,Latin-6, Windows-1255.
1094 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1095 belarusian, bulgarian-bds, bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng (for
1096 Chinese Pinyin characters), croatian, dutch, georgian, latvian-keyboard,
1097 lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
1098 russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ukrainian-computer,
1099 ucs, vietnamese-telex, welsh.
1101 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1102 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1103 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient.
1104 This is controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1106 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1107 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1108 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1109 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1113 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1114 M-t (transpose-words)
1115 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1117 *** Indian support has been updated.
1118 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1119 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various Indian scripts,
1120 but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are supported.
1122 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1123 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1124 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1125 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1126 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1127 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1128 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1129 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1130 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1131 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1132 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1133 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1135 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1137 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1138 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1139 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1141 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1142 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1143 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1144 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1145 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1147 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1148 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1150 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1151 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1152 fontset appropriately.
1154 ** Customize changes:
1156 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1157 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1158 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1159 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1161 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1162 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1163 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1166 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1167 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1168 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1169 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1170 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1171 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1172 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1174 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1175 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1176 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1177 under the "[State]" button.
1179 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1181 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1182 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1185 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1186 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1187 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1189 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1190 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1191 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1193 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1194 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1195 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1196 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1197 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1199 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1200 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1201 t, and the status is shown.
1203 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1204 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1208 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1209 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1210 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1212 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1213 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1215 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1216 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1218 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1219 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1221 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1222 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1223 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1224 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1225 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1226 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1228 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1229 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1231 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1233 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1234 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1235 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1238 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1239 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1240 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1241 directory listing into a buffer.
1245 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1246 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1247 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1248 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1249 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1251 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1252 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1254 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1255 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1256 lines, including any prompts.
1258 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1259 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1260 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1261 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1262 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1263 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1264 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1266 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1267 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1268 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1269 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1271 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1272 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1273 but declared obsolete.
1275 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in subshells
1276 running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment variable,
1277 which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs that need
1278 to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check INSIDE_EMACS
1281 ** M-x Compile changes:
1283 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1285 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1286 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1287 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1288 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1290 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1291 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1292 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1294 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1295 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1296 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1297 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1298 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1300 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1302 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1303 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1304 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1305 subprocesses inherit.
1307 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1308 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1310 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1311 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1312 in new face `next-error'.
1314 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1315 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1316 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1317 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1318 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1321 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1322 the compilation buffer.
1324 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1325 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1326 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1327 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1330 ** Occur mode changes:
1332 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1333 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1336 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1337 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1339 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1340 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1341 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1342 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1343 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1348 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1350 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1351 customization group.
1353 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1354 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1356 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1357 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1358 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1359 and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivity of the
1360 search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1362 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1363 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1365 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1367 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1368 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1369 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1371 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1373 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1374 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1376 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1377 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1379 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1380 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1381 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1382 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1383 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1384 source line is highlighted.
1386 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1387 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1388 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1389 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1390 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1391 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1394 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1395 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1396 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1397 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1398 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1399 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1401 ** X Windows Support:
1403 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1404 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1405 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1407 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1408 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1409 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1410 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1412 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1413 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1415 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1416 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1418 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1419 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1421 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1422 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1423 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1424 and use the more appropriately result.
1426 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1427 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1428 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1432 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1433 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1435 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1436 When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1437 The following should work:
1438 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1439 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8 (and later versions),
1440 they might not work on some older versions of xterm, or on some
1441 proprietary versions.
1442 The various keys generated by xterm when the "modifyOtherKeys"
1443 resource is set are also supported.
1445 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1447 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1448 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1449 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1450 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1451 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1452 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1453 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1454 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1455 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1457 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1458 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1459 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1460 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1461 all of these colors.
1463 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1464 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1465 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1466 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1469 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1473 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1475 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1476 overlap. It depends on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1478 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1479 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1480 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1482 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1484 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1486 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1488 To see what modules are available, type
1489 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1491 To start an IRC session with ERC, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts
1492 for server, port, and nick.
1494 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1496 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1497 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1498 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1499 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1500 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1503 To start an IRC session using the default parameters, type M-x irc.
1504 If you type C-u M-x irc, it prompts you for the server, nick, port and
1505 startup channel parameters before connecting.
1507 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1509 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1510 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1511 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1514 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1515 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1517 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1518 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1519 program files that include other program files.
1521 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1522 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1525 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1527 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1528 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1529 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1530 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1531 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1534 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1535 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1537 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1539 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1540 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1541 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1542 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1544 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1545 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1547 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1549 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1550 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1551 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1552 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1553 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1554 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1556 The cua-selection-mode enables the CUA keybindings for the region but
1557 does not change the bindings for C-z/C-x/C-c/C-v. It can be used as a
1558 replacement for pc-selection-mode.
1560 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1561 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1562 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1563 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1565 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1566 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1567 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1568 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1569 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1570 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1571 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1573 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1574 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1575 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1577 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1578 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1580 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1581 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1582 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1583 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1585 The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for
1586 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1587 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1588 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1590 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1591 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1592 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1593 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1595 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1597 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1598 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1599 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1602 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1603 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1605 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1606 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1607 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1609 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1610 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1612 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1613 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1614 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1615 Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1616 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1617 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1619 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1620 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1622 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1623 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1624 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1625 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1626 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1628 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1629 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1630 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1631 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1632 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1633 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1635 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1636 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1637 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1638 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1639 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1640 for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1641 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1642 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1643 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1646 ** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1649 Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1650 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1651 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1652 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1654 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1657 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1658 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1659 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1660 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1661 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1664 The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1665 available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1667 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1668 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1670 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1671 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1672 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1673 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1675 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1676 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1677 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1679 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1680 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1681 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1683 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1684 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1686 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1687 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1688 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1689 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1690 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1691 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1692 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1693 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1694 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1696 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1698 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1699 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1700 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1701 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1702 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1703 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1705 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1706 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1707 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1708 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1710 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1712 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1713 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1714 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1717 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1718 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1719 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1720 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1722 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1723 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1725 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1726 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1727 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1728 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1729 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1730 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1732 ** The image-dired.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in
1733 other ways manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as
1734 the main interface. Image-Dired provides functionality to generate
1735 simple image galleries.
1737 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1739 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1740 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1741 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1742 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1743 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1744 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1745 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1746 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1747 `rsync' to do the copying).
1749 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1750 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1752 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1754 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1756 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1759 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1761 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1762 configuration files.
1764 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1765 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1766 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1767 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1768 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1771 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1773 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
1774 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
1776 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
1777 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
1778 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
1779 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
1780 boundaries during scrolling.
1782 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
1783 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
1784 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
1786 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
1788 ** Changes in Shell Mode
1790 *** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
1791 bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
1792 is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
1796 *** Bindings for Image-Dired added
1797 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
1798 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Image-Dired. As a
1799 starting point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d
1800 to display thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
1802 ** Changes in Hi Lock
1804 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
1805 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
1806 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
1807 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
1808 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
1809 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
1810 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
1811 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
1813 ** Changes in Allout
1815 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
1816 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
1817 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
1818 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
1819 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
1821 *** Many or most commonly occurring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
1822 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
1823 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
1824 offspring) is only one level deeper.
1826 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
1827 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
1828 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
1830 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
1832 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
1833 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
1834 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
1835 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
1837 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
1838 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
1839 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
1840 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
1841 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
1843 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
1844 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
1845 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
1846 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
1847 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
1848 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
1849 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
1850 allout-encryption customization group.
1852 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
1853 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
1854 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
1855 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
1856 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
1858 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
1859 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
1862 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
1863 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
1865 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
1866 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
1867 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
1868 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
1869 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
1870 to use than the old version.
1872 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
1873 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
1874 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
1875 variable is changed, rather than before.
1877 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
1878 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
1879 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
1881 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
1882 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
1883 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
1884 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
1886 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
1888 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
1889 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
1890 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
1891 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
1892 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
1893 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
1894 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
1895 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
1896 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
1897 the functionality in allout addons.
1898 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
1899 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
1900 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
1901 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
1902 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
1903 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
1904 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
1905 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
1906 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
1907 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
1908 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
1909 - version number incremented to 2.2
1911 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' is renamed
1912 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
1913 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
1914 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
1915 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
1917 ** Changes to cmuscheme
1919 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
1920 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
1922 *** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
1923 is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
1924 to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
1926 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
1927 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
1928 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
1929 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
1930 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
1932 ** Changes in Makefile mode
1934 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
1936 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
1937 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
1940 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
1941 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
1944 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
1945 of the file that precede the first header line.
1947 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
1949 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
1950 run most curses applications now.
1952 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
1954 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
1956 These are the new bindings:
1958 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
1959 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
1960 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
1961 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
1962 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
1964 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
1965 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
1966 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
1968 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
1969 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
1970 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
1972 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
1973 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
1974 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
1976 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
1977 with special modes such as Tar mode.
1979 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
1980 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
1981 incompatible change.
1983 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
1985 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
1986 resync points in both windows.
1988 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
1990 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
1991 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
1993 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
1994 when Emacs visits them.
1996 ** Info mode changes:
1998 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
1999 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2001 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2003 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2004 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2005 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2006 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2007 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2008 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2011 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2012 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2013 search without prompting for a new search string.
2015 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2016 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2017 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2019 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2021 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2022 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2024 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2025 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2028 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2029 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2030 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2032 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2033 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2035 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2036 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2038 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2040 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2041 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2043 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2045 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2046 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2047 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2049 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2051 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2053 ** Lisp mode changes:
2055 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2057 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2059 *** New features in evaluation commands
2061 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2062 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2064 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2065 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2066 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2067 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2068 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2072 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2073 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2074 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2076 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2077 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2079 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2080 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2082 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2083 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2085 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2086 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2087 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2088 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2089 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2091 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2093 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2095 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2099 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2100 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2101 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2102 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2103 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2106 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2107 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2108 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2112 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2113 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2114 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2116 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2117 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2118 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2120 *** Font lock support.
2121 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2122 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2123 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2124 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2125 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2126 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2128 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2129 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2130 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2131 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2132 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2133 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2134 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2135 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2136 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2138 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2139 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2140 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2141 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2144 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2145 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2146 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2147 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2148 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2149 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2151 **** Support for documentation comments.
2152 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2153 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2154 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2155 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2157 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2158 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2159 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2160 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2161 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2163 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2164 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2165 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2166 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2169 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2170 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2171 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2172 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2173 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2175 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2176 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2177 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2178 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2179 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2181 *** Support for the AWK language.
2182 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2183 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2184 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2187 **** Indentation Engine
2188 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2190 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2191 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2192 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2193 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2194 definition, or structured statement.
2196 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2197 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2198 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2201 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2202 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2203 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2204 the AWK language itself.
2206 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2207 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2208 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2209 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2210 extended definition.
2212 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2213 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2214 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2215 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2217 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2218 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2219 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2220 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2221 composition-close, and incomposition.
2223 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2224 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2225 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2226 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2227 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2229 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2231 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2232 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2233 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2234 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2236 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2237 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2239 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2241 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2242 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2243 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2244 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2246 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2250 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2252 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2255 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2256 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2257 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2258 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2261 *** API changes for derived modes.
2263 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2264 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2265 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2266 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2267 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2269 **** New language variable system.
2270 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2271 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2273 **** New initialization functions.
2274 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2275 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2276 `c-init-language-vars'.
2278 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2279 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2280 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2281 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2283 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2284 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2285 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2286 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2287 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2289 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2290 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2291 its substatement. E.g:
2297 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2299 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2300 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2301 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2302 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2303 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2306 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2308 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2309 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2310 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2311 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2312 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2313 empty lines within the macro better.
2315 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2316 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2317 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2319 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2320 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2321 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2322 backslashes can be moved.
2324 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2325 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2326 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2327 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2329 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2330 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2331 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2332 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2333 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2334 backslash) in the macro.
2336 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2337 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2338 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2339 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2340 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2341 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2343 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2344 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2346 *** New lineup functions
2348 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2349 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2352 result = prefix + "A message "
2353 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2355 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2356 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2358 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2359 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2360 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2362 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2363 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2365 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2366 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2368 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2369 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2370 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2371 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2372 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2373 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2375 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2376 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2377 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2378 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2381 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2382 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2383 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2384 happen when macros are involved.
2386 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2387 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2388 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2389 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2390 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2391 line is left untouched.
2393 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2394 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2395 syntactic indentation.
2397 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2398 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2400 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2402 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2403 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2404 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2405 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2407 ** Fortran mode changes:
2409 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2410 highlighting for the old default.
2412 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2413 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2414 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2416 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2417 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2418 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2419 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2421 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2422 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2425 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2426 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2428 ** Reftex mode changes
2430 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2432 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2433 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2434 support for multifile documents.
2436 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2437 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2438 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2439 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2440 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2441 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2442 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2445 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2446 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2448 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2451 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2454 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2456 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2457 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2458 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2460 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2461 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2462 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2463 citation selection buffer.
2465 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2466 cursor as a default search string.
2468 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2469 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2471 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2472 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2474 Support for jurabib has been added.
2476 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2478 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2479 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2481 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2483 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2484 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2485 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2486 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2487 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2488 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2490 *** Miscellaneous changes
2492 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2493 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2495 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2497 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2498 to support use of font-lock.
2500 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2502 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2505 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2506 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2507 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2508 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2509 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2510 from the file name or buffer contents.
2512 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2513 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2516 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2520 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2522 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2523 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2524 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2525 TeX commands to use at startup.
2527 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2528 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2530 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2534 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2535 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2537 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2538 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2541 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2543 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2544 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2545 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2546 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2547 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2548 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2550 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2551 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2553 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2554 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2556 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2557 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2559 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2560 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2562 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2563 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2564 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2566 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2567 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2569 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2570 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2572 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2573 in multiple BibTeX files.
2575 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2576 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2578 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2579 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2580 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2582 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2583 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2584 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2585 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2586 still available as aliases.
2588 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2589 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2592 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2593 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2598 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2599 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2601 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2602 and other common debugger commands.
2604 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2605 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2606 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2607 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2608 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2609 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2612 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2615 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2616 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2619 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2620 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2623 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2625 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2626 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2627 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2628 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2629 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2631 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2632 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2633 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2636 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2639 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2640 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2641 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2643 *** Added Customization Variables
2645 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2647 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2648 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2649 java sources (previous method).
2651 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2652 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2655 *** Minor Improvements
2657 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2658 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2659 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2660 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2663 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2665 ** Auto-Revert changes:
2667 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2669 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2670 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2671 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
2672 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
2673 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
2674 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
2677 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2678 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2679 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2682 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2683 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2684 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2685 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2686 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2687 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2688 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2689 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2690 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2692 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2693 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2694 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2695 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2696 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2700 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2701 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2704 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2705 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2706 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2708 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2709 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2710 keep in the recent list.
2712 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2713 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2714 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2715 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2716 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2718 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2719 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2720 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2724 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
2726 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
2728 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
2730 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
2733 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
2734 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
2738 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
2739 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
2740 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
2742 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
2743 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
2745 *** New customizable variables:
2746 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
2748 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
2749 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
2750 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
2751 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
2752 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
2754 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
2755 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
2756 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
2757 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
2759 *** New command line option --no-desktop
2762 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
2763 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
2765 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
2767 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
2768 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
2769 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
2770 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
2771 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
2776 *** When comparing directories.
2777 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
2778 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
2779 from one directory to another.
2781 *** When comparing files or buffers.
2782 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
2783 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
2784 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
2787 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
2788 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
2789 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
2793 *** New regular expressions features
2795 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
2797 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
2798 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
2799 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
2800 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
2801 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
2802 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
2803 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
2804 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
2805 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
2806 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
2808 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
2810 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
2811 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
2814 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
2816 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
2817 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
2818 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
2820 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
2822 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
2823 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
2825 *** New language parsing features
2827 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
2829 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
2831 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
2833 **** New language HTML.
2835 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
2836 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
2838 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
2840 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
2841 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
2843 **** New language Lua.
2845 All functions are tagged.
2847 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
2849 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
2850 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
2853 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
2855 **** New language PHP.
2857 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
2858 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
2860 **** New default keywords for TeX.
2862 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
2865 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
2867 *** Honor #line directives.
2869 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
2870 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
2871 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
2872 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
2873 writes tags pointing to the source file.
2875 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
2877 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
2878 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
2879 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
2882 *** The --members option is now the default.
2884 Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging
2885 struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP.
2889 *** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
2893 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
2894 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
2896 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
2897 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
2898 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
2901 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
2903 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
2905 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
2906 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
2908 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
2909 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
2910 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
2912 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
2914 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
2916 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
2917 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
2918 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
2920 P: annotates the previous revision
2921 N: annotates the next revision
2922 J: annotates the revision at line
2923 A: annotates the revision previous to line
2924 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
2925 L: shows the log of the revision at line
2926 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
2930 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
2931 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
2934 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
2935 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
2936 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
2939 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
2940 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
2941 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
2943 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
2945 See the documentation of the user option
2946 `display-time-mail-directory'.
2950 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
2952 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
2953 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
2954 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
2956 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
2958 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
2959 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
2960 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
2961 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
2962 used instead of the native one.
2966 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
2968 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
2971 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
2973 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
2977 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
2978 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
2980 ** Calendar changes:
2982 *** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
2983 < means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
2985 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
2986 the calendar left or right.
2988 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
2989 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
2991 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
2994 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
2995 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
2996 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
2997 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
2998 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
2999 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3000 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3001 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3002 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3004 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3005 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3006 count backward from the end of the year.
3008 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3009 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3010 day of that ISO week.
3012 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3013 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3015 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3016 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3017 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3018 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3020 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3021 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3022 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3024 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3025 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3026 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3027 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3029 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3030 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3031 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3032 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3035 ** Speedbar changes:
3037 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3038 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3040 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3043 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3044 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3046 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3048 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3049 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3050 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3053 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3054 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3055 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3056 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3059 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3060 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3061 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3062 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3063 that number to `other-frame'.
3065 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3066 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3068 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3069 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3070 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3071 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3072 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3073 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3074 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3075 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3076 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3080 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3081 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3082 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3083 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3084 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3086 The following values are supported:
3088 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3102 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3105 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3106 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3107 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3109 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3111 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3112 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3113 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3114 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3116 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3117 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3119 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3121 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3122 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3124 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3126 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3127 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3128 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3129 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3132 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3133 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3134 credentials to authenticate the user.
3136 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3137 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3138 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3140 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3141 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3143 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3144 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3147 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3148 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3151 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3155 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3157 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3158 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3159 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3160 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3162 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3164 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3165 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3167 ** Changes in Skeleton
3169 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3171 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3172 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3173 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3174 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3175 with other details of skeleton construction.
3177 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3178 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3179 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3180 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3183 ** Hideshow mode changes
3185 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3186 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3187 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3188 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3190 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3191 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3192 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3194 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3195 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3196 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3198 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3200 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3201 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3202 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3203 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3205 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3207 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3208 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3209 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3211 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3212 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3213 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3214 using strokes as an input method.
3216 ** Emacs server changes:
3218 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3220 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3221 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3222 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3223 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3225 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3226 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3227 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3229 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3231 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3233 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3235 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3236 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3237 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3239 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3240 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3242 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3244 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3245 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3248 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3250 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3251 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3252 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3254 ** battery.el changes:
3256 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3258 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3260 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3262 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3263 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3264 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3265 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3267 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3269 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3271 ** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3273 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3277 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3279 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3280 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3281 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3282 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3283 anything for those nodes.
3285 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3288 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3289 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3292 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3293 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3297 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
3298 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
3299 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
3300 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
3301 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
3304 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3306 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3308 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3309 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3310 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3311 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3312 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3313 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3314 where USERNAME is your user name.
3316 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3317 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3318 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3320 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3322 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3323 existing values. For example:
3325 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3327 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3328 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3330 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3332 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3333 cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3334 When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3335 instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3336 some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3337 the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3339 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3341 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3343 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3345 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3346 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3347 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3348 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3349 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3350 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3352 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3354 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3355 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3356 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3357 sound support for those formats.
3359 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3361 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3363 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3365 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3366 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3367 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3369 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3371 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3372 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3373 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3374 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3375 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3376 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3377 you wish to use them in other faces.
3379 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3381 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3382 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3383 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3384 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3387 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3389 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3390 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3391 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3392 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3393 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3394 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3395 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3396 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3397 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3398 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3400 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3402 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3403 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3404 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3406 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3407 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3409 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3411 ** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3412 user just types RET.
3414 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3415 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3416 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3417 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3419 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3420 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3422 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3423 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3424 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3427 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3428 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3429 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3431 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3433 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3435 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3436 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3437 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3439 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3441 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3442 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3444 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3445 input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3446 handle these events.
3448 ** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3449 be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3451 ** The explicit method of creating a display table element by
3452 combining a face number and a character code into a numeric
3453 glyph code is deprecated.
3455 Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and
3456 `glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in
3460 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3462 ** General Lisp changes:
3464 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3465 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3466 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3468 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3470 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3471 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3473 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3475 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3477 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3478 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3479 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3481 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3482 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3484 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3486 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3488 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3490 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3491 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3494 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3496 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3499 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3500 the new element from the history list it updates.
3502 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3504 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3505 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3507 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3509 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3510 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3511 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3514 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3516 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3518 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3520 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3523 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3525 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3528 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3530 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3531 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3533 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3535 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3536 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3537 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3539 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3540 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3542 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3544 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3545 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3546 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3548 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3550 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3551 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3552 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3554 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3556 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3557 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3558 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3559 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3561 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3563 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3564 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3565 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3567 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3568 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3570 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3572 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3574 *** New macro `with-case-table'
3576 This executes the body with the case table temporarily set to a given
3579 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3581 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3582 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3583 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3585 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3586 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3587 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3589 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3591 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3593 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3595 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3597 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
3598 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is t or nil.
3600 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
3602 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3603 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3605 *** `debug-on-entry' accepts primitive functions that are not special forms.
3607 ** Lisp code indentation features:
3609 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3611 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3612 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3614 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3616 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3617 possible declaration specifiers are:
3620 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3623 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3624 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3625 but this is cleaner.)
3627 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3629 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3631 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3633 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3634 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3635 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3638 ** Variable aliases:
3640 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3642 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3643 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3644 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3645 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3647 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3648 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3650 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3652 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3653 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3654 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3656 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3657 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3659 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3660 `make-obsolete-variable'.
3662 ** defcustom changes:
3664 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3665 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3666 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3667 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3669 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3673 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
3675 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
3676 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
3677 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
3679 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
3681 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
3683 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
3684 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
3685 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
3686 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
3687 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
3689 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
3690 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
3692 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
3695 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
3696 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
3697 been declared obsolete.
3699 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
3700 Use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA,
3701 or "\U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL
3702 ALPHA (the latter is greater than #xFFFF and thus needs the longer
3703 syntax). Also available for characters.
3705 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
3707 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
3708 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
3709 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
3710 warnings in a separate window.
3712 ** Progress reporters.
3714 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
3715 progress messages for the user.
3717 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
3718 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
3719 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
3721 ** Buffer positions:
3723 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
3724 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
3725 the usable window height and width is used.
3727 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
3728 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
3729 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
3730 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
3731 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
3733 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
3737 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
3741 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
3743 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
3746 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
3748 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
3750 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
3752 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
3753 give up and return LIMIT.
3755 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
3756 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
3759 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
3760 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
3761 window's display is up-to-date.
3763 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
3764 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
3765 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
3767 ** Text modification:
3769 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
3770 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
3771 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
3772 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
3775 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
3776 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
3777 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
3779 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
3780 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
3781 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
3783 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
3784 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
3787 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
3788 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
3789 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
3790 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
3791 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
3793 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
3794 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
3795 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
3798 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
3801 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
3802 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
3803 be inserted is translated through it.
3807 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
3808 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
3811 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
3815 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
3816 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
3817 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
3819 ** Atomic change groups.
3821 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
3822 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
3823 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
3825 (atomic-change-group
3827 (delete-region x y))
3829 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
3830 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
3831 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
3832 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
3834 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
3835 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
3837 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
3838 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
3839 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
3840 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
3842 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
3843 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
3846 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
3847 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
3848 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
3849 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
3851 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
3852 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
3853 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
3854 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
3855 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
3856 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
3859 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
3860 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
3861 returned values, like this:
3863 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
3864 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
3866 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
3867 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
3868 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
3870 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
3871 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
3872 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
3873 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
3876 ** Buffer-related changes:
3878 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
3880 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
3882 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
3884 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
3885 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
3886 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
3887 value of VARIABLE instead.
3889 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
3890 various status records in parallel.
3892 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
3893 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
3894 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
3895 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
3896 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
3897 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
3900 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
3901 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
3902 vector into the variable and returns t.
3904 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
3905 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
3908 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
3909 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
3910 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
3911 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
3913 ** Searching and matching changes:
3915 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
3916 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
3917 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
3919 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
3920 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
3921 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
3922 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
3924 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
3925 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
3927 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
3929 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
3930 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
3931 specified by the syntax table.
3933 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements.
3935 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
3936 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
3937 characters and ranges.
3939 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
3940 properties from surrounding text.
3942 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
3943 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
3944 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
3946 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
3947 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
3948 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
3950 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
3951 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
3952 that end a sentence without following spaces.
3954 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
3955 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
3956 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
3957 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
3958 `sentence-end-without-space'.
3962 *** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements.
3964 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
3965 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
3966 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
3968 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
3969 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
3970 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
3972 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
3973 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
3974 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
3976 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
3977 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
3979 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
3980 elements with the following format:
3981 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
3983 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
3984 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
3985 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
3986 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
3988 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
3989 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
3990 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
3991 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
3992 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
3994 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
3995 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
3996 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
3997 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
3998 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
3999 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4000 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4001 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4003 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4004 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4007 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4008 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4009 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4010 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4011 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4013 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4014 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4015 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4016 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4018 ** Syntax table changes:
4020 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4022 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4023 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4024 of text properties as well as the character code.
4026 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4029 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4030 current syntactic context at point.
4032 ** File operation changes:
4034 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4035 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4037 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4038 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4041 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4042 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4043 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4044 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4046 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4047 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4049 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4050 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4051 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4053 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4054 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4056 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4057 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4058 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4059 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4061 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4062 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4063 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4064 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4066 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4067 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4070 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4071 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4072 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4073 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4074 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4075 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4076 further filter candidate files.
4078 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4079 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4080 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4082 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4084 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4085 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4086 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4087 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4088 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4090 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4092 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4093 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4094 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4097 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4098 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4100 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4101 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4103 *** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4104 PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4108 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4109 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4110 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4111 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4113 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4114 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4115 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4117 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4118 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4119 it returns just the directory name.
4121 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4122 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4123 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4125 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4126 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4127 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4128 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4129 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4131 *** `recent-keys' now returns the last 300 keys.
4133 ** Minibuffer changes:
4135 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4136 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4137 defaults to the current buffer.
4139 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4140 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4142 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4143 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4144 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4145 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4146 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4148 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4149 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4151 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4152 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4153 `read-file-name' function.
4155 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4157 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4158 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4160 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4161 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4162 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4163 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4165 ** Completion changes:
4167 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4168 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4171 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4172 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4173 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4174 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4175 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4177 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4178 as a dynamic completion table.
4180 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4182 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4183 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4184 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4185 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4186 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4187 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4189 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4190 as a lazy completion table.
4192 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4194 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4195 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4196 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4197 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4198 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4199 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4201 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4203 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4205 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4206 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4207 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4208 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4209 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4212 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4214 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4215 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4218 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4220 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4222 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4224 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4225 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4226 binding and lookup functionality.
4228 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4229 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4233 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4234 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4235 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4236 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4239 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4240 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4241 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4243 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4244 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4246 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4247 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4249 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4250 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4251 runs `my-kill-line'.
4253 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4255 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4256 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4257 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4258 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4260 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4261 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4263 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4264 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4266 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4267 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4268 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4269 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4270 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4271 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4273 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4274 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4275 command was not remapped.
4277 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4278 over minor mode keymaps.
4280 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4281 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4282 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4284 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4285 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4286 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4287 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4288 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4290 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4292 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4293 bindings of the parent keymap.
4295 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4297 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4300 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4301 defined keys and their definitions.
4303 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4305 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4308 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4310 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4311 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4312 keymap alist to this list.
4314 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4315 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4319 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4321 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4323 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4325 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4326 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4327 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4330 ** Enhancements to process support
4332 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4333 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4335 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4337 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4338 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4341 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4342 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4344 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4345 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4347 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4348 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4349 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4350 entire property list of a process.
4352 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4353 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4354 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4355 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4356 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4359 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4361 On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4362 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4363 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4364 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4365 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4366 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4367 Emacs tries to read it.
4369 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4371 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4373 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4374 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4375 `default-directory'.
4377 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4378 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4380 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4381 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4382 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4384 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4385 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4387 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4388 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4390 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4391 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4392 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4393 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4394 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4396 ** Enhanced networking support.
4398 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4399 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4400 create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs.
4402 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4403 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4404 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4405 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4406 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4407 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4408 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4409 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4410 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4411 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4413 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4414 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4415 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4417 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4419 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4421 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4422 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4424 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4426 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4427 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4428 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4429 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4430 string for other formatting options.
4432 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4434 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4435 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4436 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4438 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4439 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4441 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4443 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4444 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4445 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4448 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4450 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4451 current network addresses.
4453 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4455 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4456 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4458 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4460 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4461 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4462 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4463 "connection broken by remote peer".
4465 ** Using window objects:
4467 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4469 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4472 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4474 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4475 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4476 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4477 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4478 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4480 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4481 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4482 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4485 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4486 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4488 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4489 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4490 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4492 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4494 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4496 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4497 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4498 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4501 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4503 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4504 and scroll-bar settings.
4506 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4508 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4509 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4512 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4513 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4515 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4517 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4518 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4519 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4520 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4521 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4522 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4524 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4525 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4527 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4528 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4530 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4531 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4532 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4533 foreground color of the bitmap.
4535 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4536 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4537 bitmap of the display line.
4539 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4540 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4541 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4542 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4543 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4545 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4546 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4548 ** Other window fringe features:
4550 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4552 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4553 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4554 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4555 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4557 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4558 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4559 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4560 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4561 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4562 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4564 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4565 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4566 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4567 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4569 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4571 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4574 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4575 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4576 `set-window-fringes'.
4578 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4579 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4580 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4581 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4583 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4584 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4585 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4586 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4587 an update of the display margins.
4589 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4590 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4592 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4593 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4594 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4595 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4596 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4597 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4598 of the display margins.
4600 ** Redisplay features:
4602 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
4604 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
4606 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
4607 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
4608 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
4610 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
4611 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
4612 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
4613 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
4614 forcing an explicit window update.
4616 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
4617 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
4618 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
4620 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
4621 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
4623 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
4624 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
4626 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
4627 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
4629 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
4630 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
4631 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
4632 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
4633 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
4634 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
4636 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
4638 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
4639 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
4641 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
4642 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
4643 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
4644 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
4645 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
4647 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
4648 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
4649 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
4651 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
4652 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
4655 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
4656 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
4657 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
4659 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
4660 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
4662 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
4663 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
4664 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
4665 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
4666 exactly that many pixels high.
4668 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
4669 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
4670 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
4671 the `line-spacing' variable.
4673 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
4674 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
4676 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
4677 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
4679 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
4681 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
4682 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
4683 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
4685 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
4686 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
4689 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
4690 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
4691 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
4692 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
4694 POS ::= left | center | right
4695 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
4698 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
4699 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
4700 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
4701 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
4702 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
4703 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
4704 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
4707 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
4708 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
4709 corresponding area of the window.
4711 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
4712 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
4713 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
4714 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
4715 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
4716 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
4717 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
4718 the width of the area.
4720 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
4721 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
4723 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
4724 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
4725 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
4727 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
4728 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
4729 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
4730 height) of the specified image.
4732 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
4733 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
4735 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
4736 text property string that may be present at the current window
4737 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
4738 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
4740 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
4741 supported on text terminals.
4743 *** Support for displaying image slices
4745 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
4746 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
4748 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
4749 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
4751 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
4752 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
4754 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
4756 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
4757 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
4758 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
4759 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
4760 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
4761 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
4762 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
4763 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
4765 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
4766 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
4767 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
4768 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
4769 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
4770 for possible pointer shapes.
4772 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
4773 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
4774 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
4776 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
4777 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
4778 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
4779 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
4780 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
4781 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
4782 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
4784 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
4786 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
4787 moved to etc/images.
4789 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
4790 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
4791 external packages to save users from having to update
4794 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
4795 images that Emacs will load and display.
4797 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
4798 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
4799 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
4801 ** Mouse pointer features:
4803 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
4804 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
4805 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
4806 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
4807 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
4809 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
4810 :pointer image property.
4812 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
4813 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
4815 ** Mouse event enhancements:
4817 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
4818 or `right-fringe' as the area.
4820 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
4821 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
4822 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
4824 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
4826 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
4828 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
4831 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
4834 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
4835 of the mouse event position.
4837 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
4839 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
4840 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
4842 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
4843 (image or character) clicked on.
4845 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
4847 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
4848 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
4849 the total width and height of that object.
4851 ** Text property and overlay changes:
4853 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
4854 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
4856 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
4858 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
4859 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
4860 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
4861 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
4863 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
4864 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
4865 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
4866 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
4867 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
4869 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
4871 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
4872 property names as argument rather than a property list.
4876 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
4877 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
4878 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
4879 the faces to include in the face menu.
4881 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
4882 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
4883 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
4884 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
4885 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
4886 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
4888 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
4889 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
4891 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
4892 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
4893 defined with `defface'.
4895 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
4896 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
4897 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
4898 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
4899 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
4901 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
4902 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
4903 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
4906 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
4907 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
4908 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
4909 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
4910 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
4912 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
4913 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
4914 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
4916 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
4918 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
4919 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
4922 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
4923 help with handling relative face attributes.
4925 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
4927 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
4928 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
4929 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
4930 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
4933 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
4934 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
4935 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
4936 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
4937 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
4939 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
4940 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
4942 ** Font-Lock changes:
4944 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
4946 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
4947 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
4948 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
4949 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
4951 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
4953 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
4954 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
4955 properties than `face'.
4957 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
4958 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
4960 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
4962 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
4963 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
4964 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
4965 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
4966 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
4974 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
4975 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
4976 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
4977 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
4979 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
4980 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
4981 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
4982 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
4984 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
4986 *** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
4987 Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
4988 `auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails. This
4989 means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file
4990 PROG.HTML is opened in html-mode. Note however, that independent of
4991 this setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files. It also
4992 has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
4994 *** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
4995 looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
4997 *** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
4998 file name when setting the major mode.
5000 *** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5001 or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5003 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5005 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5006 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5007 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5009 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5010 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5013 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5014 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5017 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5018 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5020 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5021 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5022 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5024 ** Minor mode changes:
5026 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5027 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5029 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5031 *** `define-globalized-minor-mode'.
5033 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5034 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5036 ** Command loop changes:
5038 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5039 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5040 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5042 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5043 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5045 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5047 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5048 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5051 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5052 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5053 covered by an image or composition property.
5055 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5056 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5057 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5058 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5059 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5061 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5062 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5063 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5064 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5065 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5067 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5068 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5069 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5071 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5072 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5074 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5076 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5078 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5079 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5080 current file redefined it).
5082 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5083 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5085 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5086 variable or face definitions.
5088 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5089 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5090 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5092 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5093 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5094 than 3 levels of nesting.
5096 ** Byte compiler changes:
5098 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5099 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5100 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5101 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5102 compilation output buffer.
5104 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5105 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5107 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5108 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5109 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5110 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5113 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5114 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5116 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5117 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5118 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5119 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5120 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5121 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5123 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5124 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5125 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5126 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5127 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5130 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5132 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5133 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5134 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5136 ** Frame operations:
5138 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5140 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5141 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5143 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5144 for all (existing and future) frames.
5146 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5147 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5148 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5149 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5151 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5152 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5156 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5158 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5159 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5160 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5163 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5165 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5166 the time it takes to convert the format.
5168 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5171 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5172 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5174 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5175 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5176 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5177 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5179 *** The new variable `ascii-case-table' stores the case table for the
5180 ascii character set. Language environments (such as Turkish) may
5181 alter the case correspondences of ASCII characters. This variable
5182 saves the original ASCII case table before any such changes.
5184 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5185 of one coding system from another coding system.
5187 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5188 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5191 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5192 it is read from a file without decoding.
5194 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5195 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5197 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5198 current input method to input a character.
5200 ** Mode line changes:
5202 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5204 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5205 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5207 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5208 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5210 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5211 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5214 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5216 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5218 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5219 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5220 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5221 several versions ago.
5223 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5224 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5225 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5227 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5228 made with easy-menu.
5230 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5231 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5232 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5233 need to have a name.
5235 ** Operating system access:
5237 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5238 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5240 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5241 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5242 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5244 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5246 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5247 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5248 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5250 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5251 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5255 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5257 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5258 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5259 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5260 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5261 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5262 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5263 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5265 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5267 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5269 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5271 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5276 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5277 as the heap size increases.
5279 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5280 on garbage collection.
5282 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5284 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5286 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5288 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5289 buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5290 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5291 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5292 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5294 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5295 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5296 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5298 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5299 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5302 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5303 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5305 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5306 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5307 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5310 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5311 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5314 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5315 (function (lambda ()
5317 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5318 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5319 (function (lambda ()
5320 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5322 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5324 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5326 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5328 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5329 code. It works with edebug.
5331 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5332 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5333 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5334 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5335 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5337 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5338 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5339 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5340 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5341 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5342 value, such as (setq x 14).
5344 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5345 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5346 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5347 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5348 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5349 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5353 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5354 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
5356 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5357 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5358 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
5361 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
5362 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
5363 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
5364 GNU General Public License for more details.
5366 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
5367 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
5368 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
5369 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
5374 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
5377 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793